Philosophy

T. Pachulia. Totolitarianism and Georgia.- Tbilisi: Tsodna. - 1996  - 34 p.

On the basis of historical facts the author shows that the Georgian mentality has absorbed the values, which exclude totalitarianism completely. The feeling of solidarity, love for a friend, sympathy and Christian values are matched with the principle of tolerance. Georgia is a classic country of the religious tolerance where the different peoples and confessions coexist. Racism, chauvinism, anti-Semitism and religious fanaticism are unacceptable to Georgia. And as a result of it history does not contain any record of Georgian empire. It is quite obvious that totalitarianism could not have found the fertile soil in the country of such mentality.

These were the values upon which David the Builder built the Georgian state system that found its further development in the reign of Tamar, Giorgi V, Erekle II. These traditions are so deeply rooted into the Georgian mentality and spirituality that even the dominance of the Russian Empire for two hundred years could not erase or eliminate them. The role of Ilia and other Georgian enlighteners in the preservation of these values was of paramount importance. Particular attention in the work is devoted to the analysis of "Perestroika", disintegration of the USSR, advent of the national movement to power, civil wars and other dramatic events of the most recent history of Georgia.

T. Pachulia. Anatomy of Fashism.- Tbilisi: Tsodna - 1997 - 27 p.

It is shown that fascism is the second particular historic form of totalitarianism and. In such issues as: the State as repressive administration, concentration camps, mass terror, total ideologization of socium, cult of the leader, domination of mass, one-party system, anti-personalism, hegemonism, militarism - fascism is an exact copy of communism. Fascism accepted all those issues from its elder inspirator - communism and developed them in its own way. There are only two points in which fascism and communism differ from each other. The first is connected with scientism, the second - with occultism. Communism presents itself as a stable scientific system transforming of the society by means of logical and causal methodology.

Fascism is an occult doctrine assigning privilege to mystic and isotheric dimensions and trying to modernize the world by means of them. The second difference is that communism is an international theory, while fascism prefers racism. Communism implements its empire ambitions by internationalism, and fascism - by racism. In other respects, there is actually no essential difference between the two forms of totalitarianism, and both of them represent the most evil enemies of the humanity. The work deals with theories of A. Blavadskaia, G. von List, H. Horberger, I. Horsleben and I.L. von Libenfels that played the decisive role in creation and development of fascism.

T. Pachulia. Axiology of Totalitarianism.- Tbilisi: Tsodna - 1997 - 331 p.

Value is a metaphysical, essence based on the basis of the free choice. Value first of all is essential (Sollen). It means that value contains the aspect of modality, which does not come down to inevitability. The necessity of value is of specific nature, which may or may not be realized. It does not have the character of strict necessity, as it is based on the free choice. Value is the metaphysical nature. It is inteligibelia, purely a reason-made formation existing beyond the empiric sphere. It is a norm, an obligation upon which the being of man is regulated. Value is of a super-causal nature, not complying with the rules of causal determination. It is a category of teleological causality. Value is a priori formation. Experience and related parametres do not determine it. On the contrary, value itself is the basis and regulator of the experience. Proceeding from this, value is a super-social category, not subject to social determination. Subordination and hierarchy of the socium are totally unacceptable to it.

Value is not a category of oughtness for totalitarianism. Value to it is an obligatory, strictly regulated norm, bearing an inevitable obligatory character. Its realization is inevitable and not probable. Nor the free choice is the basis of value for totalitarianism. It considers both freedom and value as derivatives of public relations. Capacity and limits of freedom are defined by the system. The political regime sets the frames within which the freedom of choice is allowed. Totalitarianism does not recognize metaphysics. It brings down everything to only a real material world. Within the spectre of worldview, totalitarianism presents itself as a fighting materialism (atheism). Totalitarianism does not recognize apriorism. To it experience and empiric reality form the basis of all. Experience (socium) and a priori are antipodes. A priori is based on freedom and brings about equality. The notions of master and serf, strong and weak, are quite alien to it. Totalitarianism considers all as equal, as the world is the product of divine emanation, where the domination and aggression have to be alternated by love, equality and sympathy. The picture is quite different in the social sphere based on antagonism and subordination. Here the master tramples down the serf, the strong oppresses the weak. This is the world of rivalry, hatred unequainted with forgiveness and sympathy. This is the very ambiance upon which totalitarianism bases itself, it excludes traditional axiological categories and prefers anti-values rather than values. In the final analysis, totalitarianism is an anti-culture where anti-humanism and alienation dominate.

T. Pachulia. Fetish Consciousness. - Tbilisi: Tsodna - 1995 - 22 p.

Fetish consciousness is defined as an idol-oriented vicious consciousness, that first of all presents itself as an ideology. It is an idol-based false spiritual system aiming at the apology of the dominant political system, rather than at the establishment of truth. The key point of ideology is the idol, who is reduced to a false idea and pseudo-knowledge. But apart from the gnosiological aspect, it includes axiologic, sociologic, theologian anthropological and other approaches as well. The idol is a category of anti-culture presenting the reality in a distorted, willfully falsified manner. On the basis of it, the ideology unifies the consciousness, the concrete form of which is the mass consciousness, manifesting the unity of the mass and its leader.

Fetish consciousness is hardly conceivable without servilism, i.e. universal slavery in which a major part of the society consciously denies itself the right to freedom, originality and autonomy and unconditionally surrenders the reins of his own being to the leader. It converts this part of society into an amorphous mass ready to fulfill subserviently the leader's instructions. The mass tries to keep itself away from freedom as it sees in it a never-ending process of continual struggle and self-perfection pervaded with suffering and venture. The mass exchanges such being for slavery where the burden of responsibility is shifted on to somebody else.

The essential characteristics of fetish consciousness scientism and occultism are analyzed in the article.

T.  Pachulia. Attributes of Totalitarianism. - Filosofiuri dziebani. - Tbilisi: Lega - 2003 - VII - 116-129 pp.

According to the concept given in the article Totalitarianism is a political organization historically defined form having the following characteristic features:

  1. Concentration of Power in One Instance - legislative, executive and legal administrative circles are gathered in one department or one individual's hands allotting unlimited power to the owner of reins of government of these social institutions.
  2. Leadership, Fuhrerizm - as a rule totalitarian regime is formed around the phenomenon of a Leader (Fuhrer) - the demiurge and master of material and spiritual institutes of the given social reality, the leader represents an idol, a fetish, materialized God that is an object of worship by millions of fanatic people.
  3. One-Party System - for totalitarianism Party as an avant-garde of a progressive class that carries out historical mission and for which each party member must be ready to sacrifice himself. The party bureaucracy, nomenclature is the only distributor of the state material and financial resources privileges of which are legalized by the state constitution.
  4. Negation of the Principles of Appointment by Election - In a civil society renovation of a political course, transformation of social institutes, modernization of economy, transformation of social consciousness etc. is carried out by means of elections but totalitarianism does not accept this course, as it is understood that the Leader has no alternative, he is irreplaceable; principle of rotation is replaced by repressions by means of which totalitarianism eliminates undesirable forces.
  5. Absolutism of the State Role - all the resources of the state, such as: material, financial, human resources are announced to be the property of the state only. Totalitarianism is based on the principle: everything in the state, nothing out of the state.
  6. Thorough Monopolization of the Economy - means of production, communications, banks and power-energy are announced to be the property of the state.
  7. Predetermination of Social Reality Absolute ideology - a state establishes common rules of the society behavior that are obligatory for all the citizens. They become the only regulators of social reality and penetrate into all the spheres of human relationship.
  8. Terror - an organized system of the opponents oppression, for that it uses physical liquidation of the opponents as well as the forms of political, administrative, ideological, psychological repressions.
  9. Imperialism - it is not reduced only to economical parameters and is not a characteristic phenomenon for only one formation. In the first place it is considered to be a phenomenon based on cultural and axiomatic basis that more or less appears almost in all formation.
  10. Anti-individuality - personality is an antipode for totalitarianism. In its activity personality is based on criticism, free will and humanism that is not acceptable for totalitarianism. Personality is replaced by a mass-member, by a zombie.

T. Pachulia. Fundamentals of communism.- Tbilisi: Tsodna - 1998 - 24 p.

It is demonstrated that communism is the first historic form of totalitarianism. Its highest form is Marxism - a scientifically grounded revolutionary doctrine of building a new society. It is the scientific system of building of socialistic reality free from exploitation and class antagonism, based on public property and atheistic philosophy. Finally communism represents world outlook and political doctrine with the following characteristics:

  1. It is consistent materialism with militant atheism;
  2. It is the system grounded on the cult of leader when the power is concentrated in the hands of one person;
  3. It has the character of servilism that exists in a form of mass psychology and mentality;
  4. It is scientism, a consistent scientific system in a form of dialectic and historic materialism;
  5. Communism is an international teaching having neither fatherland, nor nationality.
  6. It is a consistentsystematic ideology purposefully using use all possible means for implementation of its own ideals;
  7. Communism is grounded on terror, physical liquidation of opponents,whose intimidation and persecution are the approved methods;
  8. Communism absolutized both the role and the function of the State to the level when whole socium turns into the State;
  9. Communism means hegemonism, striving for world domination.
  10. The best and the tested form of final establishment of the new world order is war. Communism is striving to solve arguable problems and to secure invincibility of desirable regime by means of militarism and military confrontation.

 

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