Philosophy

L. Tsurtsumia. Aesthetic-anthropological View of Akaki Tsereteli - Collection of Works of Akaki I.- Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University - 1999 - 427-440 pp. - in Georgian.

In the history of the Georgian aesthetic thinking a theoretical-aesthetical heritage of the Georgians of the XIX century 60-s occupies a particular place. It includes Akaki Tsereteli's - the outstanding poet's aesthetic-antropologial views that have important significance.

Orientation of Tsereteli's works and his theoretical points show, that according to his philosophic-ideological outlook he is a typical enlightener, who binds social transformation up with intellectual development. In his works philosophy is understood as a scientific view spread on difficult problems of nature, society and human beings existence and activity. A man stands in the center of Akaki's philosophical outlook. He starts researching of anthropogeneses problems by stating distinguishing differences between a man and an animal, and comes to decision that a man is distinguished from an animal by highly developed mentality. A man, in the highest sense of this word, is being formed in social relationship, where he/she feels a need to protect concerns of a society, and in this case a man acts according to his/her determination - will and not according to outer definability. Consciousness of ethic axiomatic resolution - necessity of accomplishing good deeds distinguishes a man from a biological animal world.

In Tsereteli's opinion an essence of a human creature and a purport of his life is revealed in the process of realization of the truth, beauty and kindness highest values. As an illustration he views works of his predecessor Nikoloz Baratashvili.

For Akaki a man is the crown of the universe, "a divine image" born "to be free and not a slave". Akaki raises harmonic relationship between the human and the divine to the cosmic heights; unites the visible materialistic world with the invisible upper world by power of love and sees that only a creative personality has possibility to contemplate this completeness ("Praising the Praises"). A creative personality "creates a new world" in the same manner as the Divine Creator - God creates the Universe and thus in a creative process a man approaches God. This kind of ideology of Akaki is linked to the traditions of Georgian classic philosophical outlook. We have in mind "Georgian Neoplatonizm", that in the modern science is considered as a philosophical base of Georgian Renaissance culture, namely of the Pustaveli artistic-aesthetic world.

Thus, this line of philosophical thinking is continued in Tsereteli's, as a poet's and creative personality's world ideology thinking field with the romantic flight and realistic intensification characteristic to him.

L. Tsurtsumia. Philosophic and Aesthetic Views of Niko Nikoladze -Niko Nikoladze-150. - Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University - 1996 - 54-67 pp.- Bibl. 23 - in Georgian.

Together with Ilia Chavchavadze and Akaki Tsereteli, Niko Nikoladze was one of the leaders of the generation of the XIX century 60-s who gave birth to the progressive-democratic trend in Georgian thinking and raised the ideology of national-liberation movement to new heights. Aesthetic and general philosophic outlook of Nikoladze was based on rich traditions of Georgian philosophic and aesthetic thinking and particular historical reality of that period. Besides this his fundamental knowledge of the West and Russian philosophy enabled him to go deeply into the world of philosophic thinking.

From the multivarious range of aspects of Nikoladze's aesthetic thinking the author has decided to study only the basic problems such as: essence of art its social value and regularity of development. Nikoladze regards art as a reflection of reality, at the same time he points out peculiarity of "portrayal-picturesque" reflection. Nikoladze imposes moral and contemplative functions on art, at the same time he imbues social destination of art with revolutionary sense: assertion of necessity of transformation of the existing and appeal for the "better-life".

Discussing historical process of art development Nikoladze points out a number of objective factors:

  1. economical condition of the society;
  2. democratic movement - people's struggle against social and national injustice;
  3. cultural and educational level of the society;
  4. political system;
  5. foreign political situation.

These factors are not estimated one-sidedly but as the sole and the only determinative. Nikoladze is well aware that art has its immanent laws that determine its rather independent development. That is why he attaches particular role to individuality and spiritual-intellectual features of a creative personality.

 

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