Caucasian Messenger. - Tbilisi - 2001 - N 1 - 335 p. - Bibl. at the end of each article - in Georgian, Russian, and English.
N. Gomarteli. The Ideology of Tudors' Dynasty and the Problems of Modern Political Rule. Structure. Modern Georgian political thought, which is seeking to develop the basic principles of building a democratic legal state, may find much useful and rational in the thoughts of the ideologists of the late Middle Ages and modern times (and not only of this period). Many of their statements and views were well approved, hence their consideration, and occasional adaptation to Georgian realities seems to me advisable.
E. Lekvekheliani. Meister Ekhart's Doctrine on Soul. The most original part of doctrine of Meister Ekhart, philosopher and founder, father of German mysticism of the Middle Centuries, is the doctrine on Soul. According to Ekhart, soul hides limited imagination and contents of the world. This connects him directly with divine world. Ekhart calls it "the divine spark". By point of view of Ekhart, the goal of creation of the world is a soul of human being. It is the highest among the creatures. Not everything is created in it. The soul represents the unity of created and no created.
M. Osmanov, M. Aligadzhiev, F. Amaeva. Some Вiological and Ecological Aspects of Migration of the Azov-Black Sea Inhabitant Acartia Сlausi Giesbrecht (Calanoida, Acartidae) in to the Middle Caspy. The data on dynamics of long standing distribution of the Azov-Blacksea colonizer Acartia clausi in the Middle Caspy are given in the paper. It is shown that this crustaceous inhabits all over the Caspian Sea and forms dense accumulations in coastal shallow waters of the west part of the Middle Caspy.
M. Mikadze. Useful Fossils, Mineral Waters and other Natural Resources of Samtskhe-Javakheti. Useful fossils, mineral waters and other natural resources of Samtskhe-Javakheti have been studied on the basis of special scientific literature. Special attention was paid to the fact that great natural riches and resources are remained on the territory of Samtskhe-Javakheti.
L. Jibladze, L. Dzidziguri, B. Murvanidze. On One Type of Ancient Settlements of the Bronze-Early Iron Ages at the Kolkheti Lowland. On the territory of the Kolkheti lowland artificial hills are used for settlements in the Bronze-Early Iron Ages (ca. 24th/23rd-8th/7th centuries B.C.). Such hills are well-spread on both coastal line and in the hinterland. The concentration of the settlements is marked in the basins of Rioni-Pichori, Abasha-Noghela, Enguri-Kodori, Tsivi-Khobi, Choloki-Ochkhamuri, and Qorantastsqali-Munchia.
G. Bogveradze. A Question about the Ratification of Military Contract of 1919 between Georgia and Azerbaijan. The Constituent Assembly of Georgia and the parliament of Azerbaijan had made a ratification of military contract on 22-27 June of 1919 years. All parliamentarian opposition parties have supported a contract along with social-democratic and musavadic administrative parties. This contract took an important place in relationship between Georgia and Azerbaijan in 1918-1920 years.
D. Mindorashvili. For Precising of Vakhushti Bagrationi's One Information. Georgian historian Vakhushti Bagrationi in the first half of XVIII century described one of the regions of Georgia - Khevi. He considered that the fortress and the barring wall "Dariala" have built by David the Builder and were situated on the right side of the river Tergi. The author of the article supposes that above mentioned buildings were situated in the same locality but on the left side of the river.
E. Kvachantiradze. Certain Issues of Georgian-Armenian Relationship (1918). In the article, based on the archival documents and Georgian and Armenian periodical press of the respective time, are considered issues of relationship between Georgia-Armenia on the first stage of the existence of the democratic republics. Namely: beginning of the conflict between Georgia-Armenia; negotiations on the border issues; The Ist Conference of the Caucasian Republics.
T. Todua. Eastern Black Sea Area in the System of Byzantine World (VI c. A.D.). Eastern Black Sea area had become a part of the Byzantine world in the late 4th century A.D. This process with certain extent was reflected in the military, political, economical and cultural life of the eastern Black Sea, particularly in the 6th century A.D. On the other hand, the Black Sea territory of Georgia played an important role in geostrategic and geopolitical area of the Byzantine Empire.
M. Natsvaladze. Towards of Subjective Reasons of Creation of Eufimi Bolkhovitinov's Work "Historical Picture of Georgia". In 1802 on the anniversary of conquest of Georgia by Russia in St. Petersburg anonymous had published the work of E. Bolkhovitinov "Historical picture of Georgia". There is an opinion that this work was the order of imperial court. The article presents the arguments of negation of above mentioned version. 1. The ordering work should be represented a conjuncture interests of customer. 2. In 1800 Jesuit general Gruber offered to Emperor Paul the project of subordination of Orthodox Church under the Roman church. The checking up of this project was charged to E. Bolkhovitinov. After his reasons the Emperor refused of this idea. E. Bolkhovitinov with his position was found out against the politic of Tsarizm. Thus, the imperial court couldn't give him another important work.
The idea of creation of work about Georgia was served itself to the politic of Tsarizm. However, the analysis of documental material proved that during the work on the last version of book E. Bolkhovitinov had no contact with the representatives of imperial court. The results of this are that, on one hand, the "Historical picture of Georgia" does not present the conjuncture ideology of that period.
F. Sikharulidze. The Goals of South Caucasian Studies. There is a very interesting corresponding, with member of the Sanct-Peterburgs Academy M. Brosset in the private epistolary heritage of well-known orientalist D. Bakradze. We publish here the materials of organization of expedition in Adjaria and Guria and the letters written in 1873 to M. Brosset from Tbilisi, Batumi and other places, in which author continuous the researching of history of Georgia on the fuel of the South Caucasus.
G. Chkhaidze. On the History of the Georgian State Museum. On May 10, 1852 the foundation of Caucasian department of Imperial Russian Geographic Society was laid with the force of patriots and progressive Russian public figures, living in Georgia and with support of the viceroy of Caucasus M. Vorontsov. On September 14, 1855, at the crossing of Komendantskaia and Chavchacadze streets the museum opened its exhibition. Many interesting articles were represented on the exhibition. A library was attached to the museum. The museum had three departments: natural history, ethnography and history. The staff of the museum did not exceed 7 people. The annual budget of museum was 300 rubles in silver. The museum continued functioning till August 1864. After its abolition the collection was distributed among other museums in Tbilisi. Caucasian Department of Imperial Russian Geographic Society laid foundation of so called: "Caucasian Museum" can be considered the predecessor of the Georgian State Museum.
N. Akhmeteli, B. Lortkipanidze. For the Issue of Participation of Indo-European People in Mtkvari-Araksi Culture (According to the Archaeological Materials). The Mtkvari-Araksi Culture was formed in Trans-Caucasus in the early Bronze Age. During the process of its development it covered quite a big territory including Northeast Caucasus, Eastern Anatolia and Northwest of Iran. Inside this culture scholars extract a several local options. General ideas of ethnic belonging of the population of Mtkvari-Araksi Culture greatly differ. In Mtkvari-Araksi unity the scholars suppose the family of Ibero-Caucasian languages, Georgian and Khurit people and Indo-European peoples as well. The author discusses some specific features of Indo-European participation in the population of Mtkvari-Araksi ethnic group and notes that existence of wheeled transport, horses and burial mounds in Trans-Caucasus takes beginning from the final stage of above mentioned culture and is habitually linked to the expansion of new cultures such as Early mound, Bedenic and Trialeti Cultures. Also penetration of Indo-European novelties is not necessarily realized from the South. If we suppose penetration of the wheeled transport from the South it does not necessarily mean that we reject the idea that it is characteristic to Indo-European culture as the earliest carts are known from the times of Mesopotamia. As for the burial mounds, it seems that they were imported from the North. Horses appeared in Trans-Caucasus from the second half of the second millennium and were widely used in the areas situated to the North as well as to the South. Horses and burial mounds existed in the North from the second half of the forth millennium. This absolutely excludes their penetration from Asia via Trans-Caucasus. That is why the participation of Indo-European people in the process of formation of the Mtkvari-Araksi Culture according to the above mentioned points is not considered proper by the author. If the above mentioned points may be considered as characteristic to Indo-European ethnic group, than supposedly they have appeared in the Trans-Caucasus later in the following stage of Mtkvari-Araksi Culture and not only from the South but North as well, after pre-European unity collapsed despite the localization of its first dwellings.
E. Kopaliani, Iv. Tsiklauri. God Serving Places in Prehistoric Society as a Phenomenon of Intertribal and Tribal Communication (on the Example of the Caucasus). The paper refers to the highlanders of Eastern Caucasus region, especially to its central part, particularly to the relations between the Vainakhs and Georgian highlanders which came from the principles of territory and theocracy of highland communities. An attempt has been made to restore the earlier Godserving model in old Caucasus. The intratribal religiousness, as well as intertribal holidays and their character are considered. It is states that the Caucasus was the region inhabited by the people with common habits, traditions, spiritual and material values. The organizational structure of the community, habits and customs, religion and justice, which consolidated the domestic and external relations of the community are also considered. It is shown, that the joint participation of prayers at holy places, in spite of different religious confessions, contributed to normalization of relations between communities and tribes not only in the earlier period but in later centuries, as well.
G. Kipiani. Uplistsikhe, Attribution of Caves and Problems of Dating. Uplistsikhe architectural ensemble is a unity of caves carved in the rock. It is situated in Shida Kartli, on the left bank of the Mtkvari river, at the very end of one of the south spurs of the Kuernacy mountain ridge. According to the modern scientific papers Uplistsikhe was a town, but there is some disagreement among scholars about the date of its founding and its function as a town. Conclusions: 1. All kinds of schemes of Uplistsikhe caves and its central area with one or several ramifications, duplicate the schemes of rock burials discovered in Judeh and Asia Minor. 2. Close parallels of the ceiling outlines and the traces of frameworks are found at Etruria's, Lykia's and Paphlgonia's rock burials dated to the 5th-4th centuries B.C. 3.Separate architectural details, in all their like hood the earliest one (doorways, thresholds, rock-cut berths) are characteristic of burials only and are not seen at any other kind of structur
M. Kevlishvili. The Institute of Fosterage in Caucasus. The institute of fosterage was widely spread in the Caucasus. It was existed in the beginning of the XX century exactly in Georgia, Chercezia, Kabardia, Ossetia, Karachai. The baby was given as a foster-child to the other family. Where he (she) stayed for several years. Each Caucasian nation had different customs and traditions of fostering the children and their coming back to the native house. These traditions were very important in the Caucasus reality.
L. Melikishvili. The Ethnological Aspects of Values and Simbols in the Conflicting Society. Follow-up of the processes developing in the area under study shows that man's main need - survival - is the basis for activating all those values which come to the fore in conflict situation. Struggle for survival is connected with the key issue of obtaining resources and, therefore, with definite economic activities, which, as such, turns the right to possessing territories in the motherland into the key value. All other values follow it on the hierarchic scale and are regarded exclusively in relation to it. "Motherland" becomes the most important, or even the core value in securing the necessary conditions for the very existence of the population; in other words, access to the resources available on the territory of the native land and control over these resources become virtually important for every ethnic group. Other values come into play as means of realization or preservation of main value, and consequently are secondary to this dominant main value.
Sh. Isaev. Two Letters of Irakli II to Daghestanian Societies of Chamalal and Tindi. The article describes two letters in Arabic language. The style and contents of letters are almost same. In spite of briefness the letters give some kind information about Chamalal and Tindi societies of the XVIII c.
N. Gambashidze. The Origin and Development of Rosary. The rosary is supposed to be established in the Eastern Church in 4th centery for the needs of the newly founded monastic life. In the early middle ages rosary, the simple tool for praying, may be connected with martyrological crown weaved of roses, especially red ones, gained new connotation and expressed theological meaning of martyrdom. The rosary with 150 beads for reciting psalms and prayers to the Virgin gave additional support to her cult in the West, when it was introduced to the West (nearly 12th c.). Born in North Africa rosary passed through Europe, part of Asia and in America as well.
R. Daushvili. The Caucasian Confederation. The Caucasian confederation greatly assisted the process of bringing together the Caucasian emigrants and forming the anti-Bolshevik front. On 15th of June 1921 the representatives of Armenia, Azerbaijan, North Caucasus and Georgia signed the declaration in Paris, in 1924 "The Committee for the Independence of Caucasus" was founded in Istanbul. The fundamentals of the confederation were formulated in the Pact signed in Brussels in 1934. The elected council and its executive presidium were to guide the national liberating struggle in the Caucasus. On 25th of September 1936 the Caucasian Confederation together with Turkestan and Ukraine submitted a report to the League of Nations, on September 28 - the Memorandum and the Pact. The unity and cooperation of the Caucasians and the oppressed peoples of the Soviet Union was manifested during the great peril - the World War II when the Armenians joined them as well.
T. Ivelashvili. Marriage with Ransom According to the Georgian Ethnographical Materials. The analysis of the existed written sources, special literature and ethnographical materials gives us a chance not to share the opinion about the remains or the reflection of a marriage with ransom in the population of Georgia. We think that according to the existed materials in Georgia there was neither a marriage with ransom nor its forms but there was rather a high level of inheritance of a woman's rightful-property position. In general, the elements of a ransom in the marriage relation appeared from the ancient times. It is possible that in some people it turned into the marriage with ransom but it is not obligatory to spread it on every people in searching the parallels.
K. Shavgulidze. Traditional and Innovated Means in Scenography of E. Akhvlediani (On Example of K. Kaladze's Play "How?"). Rich with traditions, Russian and East-European theatrical art affected the development of Georgian scenography of 1920-ies. The impact of Russian art of the revolution period was especially evident with its original ideas, specific and expressive means of design. The clearest example of this is the play of K Kaladze "How?" the artistic design of which was assigned by the director of the theatre K. Marjanishvili to the young artist E. Akhvlediani. The action in the play was developing in the manner of cinematographic speed causing difficult expressive problems, which were solved by the artist by means of projection. The main component of the design was a screen, which was widening the framework of the stage, assisting to the immediate change of the action place and providing more space. Steals from the movie were appearing on the screen during the climax episodes that were naturally complemented by the performance of actors, increasing the affect of the main idea of the play. While designing E. Akhvlediani refused to use concrete, daily elements of interior. The artist used conditional, original means, such as white contrastive lines on the black background. Separate components had meaningful and functional purpose, which created ideal impression of concrete place of performance. Synthesis of traditional and innovative means of expression used by E. Akhvlediani in the performance "How?" a new stage in the history of Georgian scenery art is. Her original methods of design have been used by generations of Georgian scenographers.
T. Beridze. Czech Musician Ioseb Ratilli in Georgia (the 160th Birth Anniversary). In this article it is examined the eminent and the greatest contribution of the Czech musician and singer - Ioseb Ratili for the Georgian people. He was the leader of the Georgian "Khoros" for 10 years which was created by Lado Aghniashvili. He did his best to make popular Georgian Folk Songs not only in Georgia, but on abroad too. Ratili was the first who played from music about 30 Georgian folk songs, and saved them from disappearing. The life and the work of Ioseb Ratili is one of the clearest leaflets between the Georgian and the Czech cultural interrelation.
N. Chikovani. Georgia on the Crossroad of Civilizations. The idea that the relationship between civilizations will be a defining of the future world order became widespread at the turn of the 20th century. Therefore, civilization identity appeared especially actual for those countries and nations which are not integrated in any of civilization unities. Georgia is one of them. To understand the problem of Georgia's civilization essence, it's necessary to study not only civilization parameters of modern Georgia, but also their historical dynamics. There are five main versions about civilization identity of Georgia, given in modern scientific literature:
M. Mshvildadze. Discussing Several Gemstones from the National Library of France, Found on the Territory of Georgia. The paper deals with several gemstones found on the territory of Georgia and an intaglio of unknown origin from the National Library of France. Having studied these relics of glyptic we arrived at a conclusion:
R. Inasaridze. Methods of Radio Sources' Observation. The original method of determination of faint objects' namely radio sources' location is considered in present article. This new method is more effective and profitable than existed stepped method as it issues from observation duration and laboratory treatment. This method decreases by two or three times the duration of measurements and besides determination of objects' precise location gives the better results. At present mentioned method is used in Pulkovo, Kiev, Zvenigorod, Tashkent, and Simeiz Astrophysical Observatories.
N. Kipiani. V.I. Abajev: The Idea of "Small" and "Great Semantics". The idea of two aspects of semantics was substantiated by V.I. Abajev. On the one hand, the meanings of a word are as the minimum of semantic functions, which determine the modern communicative usage of the word. This is "small semantics" or "technical semantics". On the other hand, we can speak about "great semantics", or "ideological semantics", which is the semantics of genesis and correlation of wordy meanings. We have used the idea of "small" and "great semantics" in our analysis of the words that name high moral qualities of a man. These are the words with the stem благ-. In the Russian language from the period of converting to Christianity the expression of humanitarian ethic norms was connected with the idea of God. In the Old Russian language one of God's names was Благъ,Благо. This is "ideological semantics", which enables to make important conclusions, concerning man's ideology and man's spiritual culture.
S. Melikidze. The System of the Surnames Formed with -ze and - shvili Affixoids. In the formation of the Georgian surnames the most intensive are -ze and -shvili affixoids. The work analyses the Georgian surnames formed with them. It shows those peculiarities which appear in the border complex of three member cvc between the root and affixoids. The work shows the possible frequency of these complexes and those natural phenomena which are shown in the formation of the Georgian surnames -ze and -shvili affixoidz.
V. Kikilashvili. The Vowel System of Ibero-Caucasian Languages. The article presents computer description, phonetic (the vowel system) and grammar of Ibero-Caucasian languages. The vowel system of Kartvelian and Caucasian languages is studied quite well, but till today we have no possibility to show their lingual system on the background of the whole Ibero-Caucasian lingual system. The computer research system gives an opportunity to acquaint with vowel system of the different languages in many parameters.
Kh. Usufkhadgieva. The Stylistical Function of Connotial Lexic in Chechen Literature. The article presents the connotial lexic of Chechen language that uses for expressive aims in Chechen literature. The article presents a different functional types of connotation: emotional and estimation, that are divided on:
A. Khasueva. The Complex sentences in Chechen Literary Language. The article gives an analysis of complex sentence in Chechen literary language. Author is agreeing with the idea of existence of hypotaxes in the Chechen literary language. In Chechen language the complex sentences are not only those constructions in where for connection uses the subordinate conjunctions, but many other constructions, that were called nonconjuncted in where the subordinate connection is expressed by functive.
M. Sagliani. The Elision in Svan Language. The elision is a quite wide-spread phonetical phenomenon in Svan language. According to the new materials the article gives the conclusion that in all dialects of Svan language except Lentekhi one the elision takes place (in spite of formerly opinion of special literature) in the complex i+i.
B. Tskhadadze. The Kartvelian (Georgian) Ethnonym Amazon (/amazun/amozon) /Amordzali. The origin and etymology of mythical amazons are represented in the given work. As it turned out, the Amazons were the inhabitants of Amazy. Even the lexeme Amazon//amazun//amozon comes from the root amaz//mas//maz. In this root the prefix a- is lost. In the word amazon -on(un) represents the oldest Kartvelian (Megrelian-Chanian or Georgian) multitude-collective expressing post-position. Compare: georg. Bali-megr. Buli, "cherry" from this: Buloni "a garden plot place planted with cherry-trees". In Amazon//amazon in Kartvelian (Georgian) languages deals with the known phonetic phenomenon. The word amorzali is a Georgian-Kartvelian one. Amor\ali - amorzali "amoceli", "amimoseli" in which -al represents the post-position denoting an origin, locality (compare: megreli - margali) where the phone r is a later developed phone or the dialectical variant -s. Compare: old georgian s\e - or georgian r\e.
M. Alekseev. The Peculiarities of Attributive Word-Combination with Dependent Noun in Russian and Daghestanian Languages. The main difference between word-combinations of the discussed type in Daghestanian and Russian languages is the order of components: Rus. Head + Modifier and Dagh. Modifier + Head. These structures are used to express possession, whole-and-the-part relations etc. The difference is also concerns the expression of subject-object relations and non-genitive attributive nouns. Apposition is also discussed in the paper.
S. Zabitov. About Two Case of Neutralization of Arabic Phonemes Adopting in Nakh-Daghestanian Languages. Two groups of Arabic loanwords are analyzed in the paper. The first one consists of words with "s" which can substitute three Arabic phonemes. The second group contains "z" which can be derived from four Arabic phonemes. The original oppositions are neutralized in spite of the possibilities in some languages to retain them at least partly.
E. Sheikhov. Grammatical Categories and Verb's forms in Russian and Daghestanian Languages. There are groups of simple (underived) and derived verbs in Daghestanian and Russian languages. The structure of simple-verb form consists of the root and affix. In Daghestanian languages this form can also include class prefix. Derived verbs are formed with spatial prefixes. Compound verbs are more frequent in Daghestanian languages. The inventory of verbal categories in the compared languages is also discussed in the paper.
K. Sokhadze. The Term "Semodgoma" and One More Experience of its Determination. In Kartvelian languages the principles of creation of the term "Semodgoma" (autumn) proves that from the point of Prakartvelian view the main activity was agriculture. In terms of seasons the main determinate word is "zapxuli" (summer) and this season also is divided into two seasons "gazapxuli" (spring) - the season of beginning the agricultural activities and "stveli"||"rtveli" (vintage) - gathering grapes. This kind of division is similar to the division of seasons in Kheth language. The terms "muγuer" and "Semodegi"||"Semodgoma" (autumn) are created by astronomical knowledge.
Z. Ismailova. A. Dirr - lexicographer. Almost all grammatical works by A.Dirr were supplied with dictionaries. These dictionaries are the first (and, unfortunately, many of them the only ones) vocabularies of Daghestanian languages, and thus remain the invaluable materials upon history, culture and languages of the small peoples of Daghestan. Dirr had no special methods of compiling dictionaries: it can be shown with comparison of his different dictionaries. Nevertheless, the most frequent words are represented in these dictionaries.
I. Chantladze, E. Gazdeliani. Inverted index of "Svan dictionary". The Academical dictionary of Svan language (V. Topuria, M. Kaldani), a brilliant result of the long lexicological work is published. This was an old dream of kartvelologists, but another problem has appeared. Practically the number of kartvelologists which know the Svan language is quite small. Because of this we decided to create the inverted index of above mentioned dictionary. The article gives the analysis of structure of this index.
B. Ataev. First Written Monuments of the Avar Language. The process of creation of Avar writing lasted on the background of war of two religions: Islam and Christianity. The first stage concerns with Christianity and spreading of Georgian writing. After the Islam's victory the Arabic writing became wide-spread in the South Caucasus.
I. Efendiev. The Number, the Subject Composition and the Place of Iran Words in the Avar Language. The article gives the analysis of Iranian Words in the Avar language. Borrowings from the Iran language are distributed among the spheres of their usage in the Avar language and are characterized from the historic point of view. The borrowed words are resulted together with etymons.
I. Modebadze. The Process of Formation of Soviet Person Moral Code and Seventh Commandment (According to the Materials of Russian and Georgian Prose 20-s of the XX Century). After the radical change of state ideology follow important changes in cultural paradigms and in whole semiotic space the orientation of society about the values is changing. In the Soviet period the formation of "New personality's" moral code there was an attempt to reconsider the idea of internal liberation (Christian analogue of "Freedom of choice"). Right for love and marriage institute as public function was the thing of serious discussions, even at the government level. Literature and criticism of that period contributed the public attitude to these discussions. In spite of the same reception the opinion of Russian and Georgian public about these problems was different. If for Russian public there was an unacceptable idea to make any changes in major oppositions (Kindness-evil, virtue-sin), for Georgian culture there was unacceptable even discussion of these problems. The sphere of emotional estimation is controlled by so-called "Collective sub consciousness". In the legitimization process of any public standard behavior mythical archaic types make the objective criterion function. In the complete form of Soviet person modal code there is inherited transformation of Christian-orthodox archaic type that is fixed at seventh commandment and explained in the New Testament. The formation of myths is going on sub consciousness level and they are fixed in traditions. Accordingly, the above-mentioned difference is explained by the existence of long tradition. This problem can not be studied on the base of Marxism. It is necessary to take into account the character of European cultural processes of the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of XX century, to take into account such factors as "Cultivate revival", ("Sexual emancipation") as well as the esoteric idea to achieve the means of androgyny, etc. In spite of many different sorts of forms, on the basis of all esoteric doctrines there is an achievement to "the Highest level of Knowledge", that is very close to "the idea of Lutsiferism". In the mentality of public there was no difference between "the idea of Lutsiferism" and "Satanism". Because any esoteric idea tightly depends on Sexual magic and the idea of sexual liberation also was closely connected with "Kindness-evil" or "virtue-sin" that was spread on the emotional estimation of the problem of prohibition-forbidding. That was also developed along the orientation of public.
L. Jokhadze. The Word Concept in Translating Hagiographic Texts. The paper deals with the informative power of the word, which organizes and generates the text as a unified whole not only in the source language but in the translation as well. As a result providing the functionally adequate equivalent sheds light to the latent information of the text, which prolongs the process of cognition a great dial. Accepting the premises, the word is a complex of verbally realized cognitive studies of processing the information to create a conceptual system of the text; we stand a good chance of getting everything in the right place. The translation of the 12th c. Georgian manuscript "The Canon of Repentance" by King David the Builder of Georgia is a vivid example of rendering ambiguous poetic feelings into a precise but many-sided word-concept. Polysemantic words that occur in the language as dead metaphors turn into word-concepts in texts, revealing the main message the author is trying to get across. Such words convey something fresh to stimulate energy and imagination bringing about a mental thrust. In this study the word-concept is expressed by "repentance" which is a node of multiple meanings and acts as an internal code to deep semantic relations between words phrases and parts of the whole text. In the componential study of the word we analyze a stylistic marker "ecclesiastic" that had already entered new English dictionaries. Consequently this fact accounts for the preference of the word against its synonym "remorse" (as it is non-adequately translated by D. Kiziria "Songs of Remorse" Tbilisi, 1992). Only such a word concept as "repentance" carries the major information and organizes a new conceptual system to elucidate the right message.
R. Chilaia. Relationship between the Author and the Characters in his Works. Although there is a tight link between the development of the art of word and the style of thinking, they could hardly be considered as identical phenomena. The gap between them is created by the author who analyses and generalizes splits and integrates the existing reality to construct a new world of fiction. When constructing his new world he/she unconsciously wraps it into veil of his/her personality, imprints on it his/her unique style.
R. Geibullaeva. Literary Universalies in a Culturological Types Context. Literature is one of layers of culture with common culturological symbols and at the same time special form of cultural reserve. The universalies in world literary are possible to reduce to two significant groups: similarities at a literaturesophical level - general problems of philosophy of the literature: internal laws of actual literary creativity, and reflection of similarities of a historical level on culture and art: a generality of problems, with which there are different peoples at similar stages of the development, and on the other hand, literary universalies, appeared as a result of straight lines and untaught contacts. With development of cultural, scientific, state, individual contacts the range of attraction of a material of culture of one people in culture of other country extends. In the various historical periods the figurative-verbal expression of the literature carried various characters depending on a development level of men's consciousness, civilization, since the primitive forms down to its modern level. It has passed a way from the initial forms and samples of oral national creativity, myths, legends, from its brief forms up to complex structure of eposes, then up to various genres both directions of the written literature and difficult forms of the figurative-verbal description - naturalistic, eventual, psychological etc.
M. Robakidze. About the Idea of "Narrowness" and "Completeness" of the Man in the Rustaveli's Poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin". The author of the article proposes a new opinion about some places of Rustaveli's poem "The knight in the panther's skin". The problem is examined in the light of psychological analysis of anthropological notions, which presents a personality of the man as "narrow" and "complete".
M. Tsintsabadze. Queen Ketevan and the Christian culture (According to the Materials of the XVII, XVIII and First Half of the XIX Centuries). We discuss the historical, national and religious role of the martyr of the Georgian Orthodox Church - Queen Ketevan in the development of the Christian culture. Many cardinal questions of national policy, internal conflicts and international relations are directly connected with the name of Queen Ketevan.
In the historical, religious and secular literature of the XVII, XVIII and first half of XIX centuries, we found 22 works of 17 Georgian writers devoted to Ketevan. The information about her martyrdom crossed the national borders and soon was recognized as the deeds of the global Christian importance. The Queen's life was described in the works of West European, Russian and Armenian authors. Her actions were passed through generations and found their expression in plays, poems, miniatures, and monumental paintings.
The works of many Georgian authors were dedicated to her. The Georgian people and the whole Christian world should be proud of the Queen Ketevan.
T. Mamedova. The Appearance and Development of the Dramaturgical Genre in Azerbaijanian Literature. Objective appreciation of Azerbaijanian dramaturgy is impossible without studying of evolutional processes of the dramaturgical genre of national literature. Any literature works is closely connected with folk activities, with the folk models saying by heart. In the Azerbaijanian literature before forming of drama genre existed peoples games and bohemian art. The article presents the discussion and appreciation of dramaturgical works of M. Akhundov, N. Vezirov, N. Narimanov and others.
E. Tskhadadze. The Image-Symbols of Egyptian Mythology in Artistic Texts of Grigol Robakidze. From the image-symbols of Egyptian mythology Grigol Robakidze often uses the Goddess Nathe and the sacred plant of lotus. The Goddess Nathe is found in three different texts with different interpretation. Finally its image serves for comprehending and awareness of woman's mystery. The Lotus flower is considered as a symbol of divine maiden, innocence and virginity.
N. Basiladze. V.A. Sukhomlinski and Georgia. This article is about spreading the humanistic ideas of Sukhomlinski in Georgia, there are enumerated the names of those scientists and teachers who made a certain contribution to this science. There are professors - Sh. Amonashvili, I. Bibileishvili, V. Gagua, A. Gobronidze, N. Vasadze, Z. Tsutskiridze, the author of this work and others.
R. Buchukuri. The Question of Methodological Continuum in Music Teachers Training Process. Rima Butchukuri's article devotes future music teacher's education and upbringing. There is examines local-didactic principle of subject of discipline in it. Author offers the original conception of "methodic continuum" in definition of methodic of teaching to play the piano.
M. Mnatobishvili. Usage of Technical Instrument "Seismogram", During the Balancered Exercise "Pyramid" in Sport Acrobatics. Learning and performing of difficult Acrobatic Pyramids require a lot of time. To reveal every sportsman's faults, we have used technical instrument "Seismogram". The moving papers of Seismogram shows every sportsman's faults, which will be corrected soon, according to the coach's recommended exercises.
M. Mirianashvili. The First Alphabetical Book of I. Gogebashvili. Issue of publication of I. Gogebashvili's, famous Georgian teacher and public figure, handbook "Georgian alphabet and first reading book for pupils" (1865) is discussed. Instead of old, out-dated alphabetical method, new type of teaching, by means of words, is used. Its essence, quality and significance for teaching of mother language, education and upbringing of future generations are considered.
J. Kharitonashvili. The Searching of Alternative in the Countries of Transitional and Developing Economics. In the modern period the most actual problem is the choice an optimal model for the development in the transitive and developing countries. In the work is pointed out that economic liberalism - free industry and free commerce - is suitable for already existing economy. In order to strengthen a weak economy the protection policy was always used. In the present situation it would be better to use the neoclassical synthesis to heal the economy. We recommend the realization of a model of mixed economy. At this stage the carrying out of the protection policy must be preferred along with the coexistence of economic liberalism, and then the broad way must be given to neoliberalism.
M. Ganiev. A New Method of Treatment of New and Old Dislocation of the Acromial End of Clavicle. The article presents the new compressive osteosynthesis method of treatment of dislocation of the clavicle. The new method of fixation of clavicle acromial end gives a great opportunity to make the all kind of chord plastic. This method determines a safe fixation of the clavicle acromial end.
I. Jalalov, I. Nesterenko, Z. Kurbanova. The Bacterial Abscesses of Liver. The Condition and Development of Problem. The article presents the new method of treatments of bacterial abscesses of liver. Also is given a historical and modern condition of this problem.
G. Askerkhanov, S. Adilkhanov. The Thrombolitic Therapy and the Thrombectomy of Acute Venous Thrombosis. The results of treatment of 149 patients with acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis were analyzed. 105 patients received thrombolitic therapy and were randomly divided into four treatment groups. In the first treatment group 41 patients were injected the intravenous infusion (IVI) of streptokinase. 22 second group underwent regionary infusion (RI) of streptokinase. For 27 patients of the third RI was combined with parvenus instillation of curative mixture (PICM). Curative mixture consisted of heparin (5000 ME), hydrocortisone (50 ME), and chemotropism (10 mg), 150 ml 0, 25 per cent of solution of Novocain and was injected to parvenus tissue of obstructed segments. In the fourth treatment group 15 patients received PICM with intrathrombotic infusion (ITI) streptokinase. The ITI of streptokinase combined with PICM permits to improve results of thrombolitic therapy, to restoration of highway blood during 72 hours from the beginning of disease in 66.7% of patients, in the period of 4-7 days we achieve partial restoration and early recanalization. The surgical treatment underwent 44 patients with the acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis. 23 patients of first group were effected traditional venous thrombectomy, 21 patients of the second group were subjected offered by us of the operation. The offered method of surgical treatment and preventive rethrombosis permits to raise efficiency of thrombectomy and escape operative pulmonary embolism, radically removes thrombosis masses from vena iliaca, preserves competence valves, and decreases frequency of rethrombosis.
T. Tsitsishvili, I. Modebadze, K. Vashakmadze. The Georgian Writers about Literature and Art. In our civilized world there is no nation, who do not take care for there own cultural heritage. This is the project of published Anthology of Georgian writers about literature and art. In our opinion it is very important to publish this Anthology because these published materials will be approved by the people. It gives to much popularity of Georgian Culture.
Caucasian Messenger. - Tbilisi - 2002 - N 4 - 236 p. - Bibl. at the end of each article - in Georgian, Russian, and English.
H. Kuprashvili, K. Odisharia, T. Sharashenidze. Information Analysis and Forecasting in the Administration Process. The Strategic Analysis and Global Modeling System "Didgori" of the National Security Council of Georgia is the totality of program and technical facilities of getting and transferring the information, its elaboration, maintaining and reproduction, the special automatized system, based on original technologies of information analysis and forecasting, which must further the informational-analytical ensuring of the process of political modernization.
H. Kuprashvili. Towards the Some Aspects of the State Government Information Ensuring. The effective function of the informational system by the state authorities created in the process of management cause the acceptance of temporary and adequate decision. During the analysis of problems of the State government information ensuring, a lot of factors must be taken into consideration, among which is the discussion of this process by means of different stages and directions of formation, development and usage of information ensuring system.
H. Kuprashvili. Towards the Some Aspects of the Political Communication. The policy most of all needs specific means of information exchange, completion and conservation of permanent connection between the subjects. This process has an influence nearly on all institutes and spheres of society, is the most important instrument of the political process realization. Without studying the political communication and informational processes it's impossible to get the effective and real knowledge about the system (state, society…), its effective government.
J. Janashia. Narcotics in Caucasian Geopolitic Area. The end of the Cold War, extinguishing contradiction between East and West, non-intensive reorganization of criminal justice in the post-communist countries (space), formation of the free trade zones and global financial-trading systems distinctively change these social conditions where the criminal organizations were functioning and this changing of social conditions assist the formation of criminal organizations into transnational criminal organizations (TCO). This provoked sharp increase of illegal turnover of narcotics and the expansion of its market.
For a long time organized crime and one of its manifestations narco-business was considered as a problem of only one country because of this we get less effective outcomes.
On the other hand the international practice of fighting against narcotics shows us that this is not a problem of only one country and it creates a new task for legislative and executive authorities in the whole world. For solving of this problem a necessary is following:
V. Kikilashvili. Towards the Relationship of Statistics and Economics. The statistics is known in Caucasus since Mongol's invasions. After the inventorying of territories they required the tithe. As an exact science the statistics got its development in 30-ies of the 19th century. During the next 100 years the statistical dates were accessible. But after the October Socialist Revolution on one hand it became an inaccessible for society and on the other hand an inexact for misleading of "hostile countries". All of these left traces on the mentality of former soviet people. The concealing of incomes has become an aim for modern businessmen and state workers. The article presents the statistical analysis of the present condition of economics in Georgia. The author gives a conclusion that only on Tbilisi scale about billion dollars should be receipt in budget during a year.
P. Dvornikov, A. Ustarbekov, Z. Kurbanov, M. Aligajiev, M. Osmanov, F. Amaeva, A. Abdurakhmanov. The Daily Dynamics of Feeding and Nutritional Rations of the Sturgeon and Starred Sturgeon Juveniles in the Middle Caspian Sea. The sturgeon juveniles in the West region of the Middle Caspian sea feed during all day and night, but the intensity of their nourishment during the day is various and depends on the illumination. There are two maximums for the sturgeon juveniles, at 6 and 24 o'clock, and for starred sturgeon juveniles - at 11 and 2 o'clock. The value of the daily rations of the sturgeon and starred sturgeon juveniles changes by seasons. So, for sturgeon juveniles this value has the tendency to decrease along with their growing from June (21,72 %) to October (2,83 % of the fishes mass), for starred sturgeon juveniles, accordingly, from 23,29 to 4,02 %. For the energy exchange the sturgeon juveniles spend from 0,20 to 3,57 %, starred sturgeon juveniles - from 0,15 to 1,89 % of their weight; for plastic exchange (ichthyomass increase) - from 0,43 to 6,43 % for the young sturgeons and from 0,29 to 2,42 % of the body mass for the young starred sturgeon.
M. Mirianashvili, K. Mushkudiani. Kakheti Railway 1910-1916. The construction of Kakheti railway was led by JSC Kakheti Rkinigza, a privately-owned company established in 1910 by gentry of Tbilisi District. The railway construction ended in 1916. Through linkage with Tbilisi railway, Kakheti had been connected to rails of Trans-Caucasus and Russia. It has greatly contributed to economic, cultural and educational development of the region, supported the improvement of trade relations. Nobleman Dimitri Cholokashvili - founder of above mentioned company and the leader of Tbilisi District gentry made a solid contribution in railway construction.
M. Natsvaladze. Towards the some questions of translations and reviews of Evfimi Bolkhovitinov's work "Historical Picture of Georgia". The work of Evfimi Bolkhovitinov "Historical Picture of Georgia" was published anonymously in St. Petersburg on 1802. The article gives the analysis of Ludwig Shletser's and Malt-Bran's reviews about this work. In one article E. Bolkhovitinov gives information about translating of "Historical Picture of Georgia" into English, French and German. The German translation was published by Frederic Schmidt in Riga on 1804. The French and English ones are still unknown. The author thinks that the political background of the XIX century, particularly the interest of England and France to Caucasus and the fact that the scientifically circles had no information about Georgia besides the work of E. Bolkhovitinov gave a reason for translating this book into English and French.
M. Mikadze.Towards the One Peculiarity of Moslems of Samtskhe-Javakheti. On the base of the press materials the article considers the man-killing incidents among trans-Caucasians, in particular Moslems of Samtskhe-Javakheti. Especially child-killing facts are terribly anxious. Much attention is given to the economical and moral anomalies.
G. Chkhaidze. Gustav Radde - The Founder of Caucasian Museum. A prominent ethnographer Gustav Radde arrived in Tbilisi in 1862 and as he says "a beautiful Caucasus became his second motherland." From the day of his arrival a young Gustav Radde joined into the scientific works. He was given a task from secretariat of vicegerent to collect materials about Caucasian nature, flora and fauna and to arrange expedition due to biological and Geographical studies of Caucasus. He did this work with great enthusiasm. For founding of museum he began his activity and in 1865 the museum named as Caucasian museum was established with the great help of his supporters. G. Radde was a person who created the museum and was its director during the decades. Soon Caucasian museum became a respectable scientific-educational institute and world's famous scientists collaborated with it. The museum promoted the establishing and development of the new scientific spheres in Caucasus.
L. Jibladze, L. Dzidziguri. One Type of Stone Implements of the Bronze Age from the Kolkheti Lowland. On the territory of north-western Kolkheti stone axes began to appear in the Middle Bronze Age (Pichori). They are characterized by socketed butts and wedge shaped blades. According to the productions peculiarities two types of axes are distinguished: 1. Well-polished axes made of basalt, 2. Ones made of soft stones. The former finds parallels with founded from Northern Caucasus, where their mass production is reported, while the letter has parallels on the territory of eastern Kolkheti and Armenia.
O. Chekhovian. The Renewed Big Silk Trade Road and the Problem of the Kolkheti Lowland. The Big Silk Trade Road from the ancient times represented a connecting bridge in the field of economics and culture between the Eastern and Western countries (or the East and the West). From the very beginning it played a great role in strengthening of economics of our country. Restoration of this road will stimulate the raising of economics of all Georgia, in particular the Kolkheti lowland, ecological sanitation of this region, its turning into region resorts.
N. Jikia. The hospitality Ritual and the Table Etiquette in Georgia. The article considers the hospitality of the Georgian mountain dwellers, the etiquette of the table, the feast norms... which enter into the circle of the common Georgian traditions, but some of the rites and customs are constituent of the common Caucasian traditions.
N. Jamanidze. Notes of French Travelers about Georgian Art. The uniqueness and originality of Georgian art with its ancient history and traditions account for the great interest of European travelers in Georgian culture. A great many among them are the French travelers of XIX-XX cc. We would like the readers to focus their attention on the unknown materials recently found in different libraries and archives of Paris, which turned out to be unexpectedly large and versatile. We decided to research all the French authors, traveling in Georgia as well as in Armenia, Turkey, Iran… generally in the direction of East. This way many new names were found. According to our research, in XIX and early XX c.c. 35 French travelers visited Georgia: Fr. Bayern, Ch. Belanger, A. Berge, Mme. B. Chantre, E. Chantre, M. Cesar Famin, E. Cotteau, J. Dieulafoy, Fr. Drouet, E. Gallois, Fr. Gamba, Hommaire de Hell (Xavier), A. Jacobs, J. Klaproth, C. Lefevre-Pontalis, E. Levier, E. A. Martel, J. de Morgan, Fr. Nansen, E. Orsolle, M. E. Pottier, Ch. de Saint-Julien, J. Ch. Teule, M. De. Villeneuve and two works of unknown authors ,,Essays on the Caucasus and Georgia" and ,,Essays on the Caucasus and Crimea". The works of these travelers belong to the genre of the so-called travel literature. The material obtained proves the great interest of Europeans of XIX-XX cc. in Georgian culture. This fact, in its part, enhances the scale of importance of Georgian culture. The travelers display the aesthetic value of Georgian monuments and the power of their effect in a new light. Besides the material is interesting as a historical document: the information obtained allows to fancy the routes of the travelers and the monuments, being in focus of their attention; it gives an important historiographical data, by means of which the so far lost monuments can be found. Their description will allow us to imagine the state of this or that monument in that period and find out the causes of destruction of some of them and even the dates in some cases.
N. Chikhladze. "Escape from Capture by St. George" in the Martvili Church Mural Painting. Martvili monastery is one of the oldest cultural centers of western Georgia. Apart the late mural paintings of the XIX-XVIIc.c. there have been kept the fragments of the earlier epoch as well. The post-Byzantine painting of the western narthex of Martvili church disclosing the theme of "The Last Judgment" includes the scene of "Escape from capture by St. George". It was especially popular in Georgian art of the XII-XIIIc.c. The earliest examples of this rare scene of Orthodox Christian art are found in Georgian mural paintings of the XI-XIIc.c. However, it was disappeared after the features of Paleologue period art had gained its strength in Georgian wall-decorations. The composition of St. George killing the dragon accompanied with figure of youth on the horseback reappeared in Georgian mural paintings and metal works of the XVI-XVIIc.c. This might have been the reflection of the iconographic representation spread over the Greece, Balkan countries and the eastern Christian world from the XVc. As for the compositions of "Escape from capture by st. George", which was once particularly popular in Georgian wall-decorations, was reminiscenced in the Ilori metal icon of st.George (XVIIc.) and Martvili mural painting (XVIc.). The latter could have been the result of the influence of the earlier mural painting of Martvili church (XII-XIIIc.c.).
P. Tskhadaia. Towards the New Correspondences of Stems in Kolkh Toponymy. The analyses of new materials of Kolkh toponymy present the Megrelian equivalents of some Georgian stems.
This example proves once more that the toponymy is an important source for revealing of the new correspondences of stems between the relative languages.
S. Melikidze. The CVC-Complexes in Onomastics and Notional Vocabulary. The work discusses the distribution of anlaut CVC complexes in notional vocabulary, surnames and toponymy. The distinction of the triplex vocalic complexes is given by the analysis. Also is shown that the existed rows of words are not found out in the basic vocabulary.
S. Zabitov, E. Sheikhov. Towards the Lexical Typology of Nakh-Daghestanian Languages: the Synonymy of Arabic Loan-Words. The article presents the role and functions of the Arabic loan-words in synonymic lexic of Nakh-Daghestanian languages. The usage of Arabic loan-words in fiction depends from the author's desire to show the notions more clearly. The Arabic loan-words are still represented in synonymic rows of Nakh-Daghestanian languages. Their usage some time is more active than native words. Although some number of the Arabic loan-words lose its active usage by historical and social changes or closely connect with a concrete style of genre.
M. Alexeev, S. Zabitov. Towards the Typology of Nakh-Daghestanian Languages: the Morphological adoption of Arabic Loan-Words. The typological aspect of the morphological adoption of Arabic loan-words by eastern Caucasian languages is considered in this article. The loan-words take the characteristic signs of the basic vocabulary. So the loan-words take place among the corresponding groups of speech parts. This has influence on their morphological and syntactical signs. Also we should mention the distribution of loan-words into the grammatical classes and declination system that often promotes the loss of their initial property of word-formation.
M. Magomedov. Towards the Subject in Avar Language. Traditionally is considered, that by subject in Avar language are used the names in ergative, nominative, dative, possessive and locative cases. In article is proved, that a subject in Avar language should be express only by names in nominative case.
E. Tangirverdieva. Caucasian calendar. Caucasian Calendar is the collection of various information. Factually this is the history of Caucasus from 1846 till 1917. We find there a religious, economical, statistical, scientifically and other information. Most interesting are the dates of the Caucasian languages. In that point we should mention the articles of A. Berje and P. Zagurski about Caucasian people, spreading of Caucasian language and their classification.
N. Sebiskveradze. Towards the Some Information of Caucasus. Caucasus always had been a sphere of interest among its neighbours. At the XIX century Russia had conquest this territory. For the conducting of its economical and political interests Russia needs the full information about Georgia. The statistical societies of Russia had done a great work. The article presents the analysis of the materials of two collections. The first includes the period before Shamil's independent movement. The second - the ethnical situation in Caucasus after this independent movement.
A. Meskhi. Norse Mythology and its Kartvelian Parallels. The paper addresses some similarities existing between The Poetic Edda and the Kartvelian (Georgian) pagan custom called Stsorproba or Tsatsloba observed in the eastern mountainous regions of Georgia until very recently. The center-piece of the work is the unusual pattern of behavior underlying both Sigurth-Brynhild's wedding nights and the Stsorproba practices - a young couple sharing a bed without sexual intercourse. The paper shows how the Sigurth-Brynhild pattern being an isolated instance within its own mythological framework fits into the complex Stsorproba system with surprising precision. For the first time in the study of Norse mythology the present paper raises the problem of differentiating of stanzas 41 (The Prophecy of Gripir) and 12 (Brynhild's Ride to Hel) from stanzas 20 (Fragment of Sigurth Lay), 4 (The Short Lay of Sigurth) and 67 (Brynhild's Ride to Hel) and reveals their Kartvelian origin. The analysis of The Poetic Edda carried out in conjunction with the Kartvelian data raises another novel issue: the connection of the Sigurth-Brynhild wedding night's pattern with the pagan Norse hospitality custom whose Kartvelian lining is also uncovered. The research allows us to argue in favor of a shared habitat of the Kartvels and the Norsemen in the distant past.
T. Ivelashvili. A Woman in the Georgian Mythology. The role of a woman, her place in the social life of past was reflected in mythology and legends of every nation. The article discusses the great number of mythological legends and stories where the main character is a woman. Having discussed and inter-compared the existed written sources - folk legends, ethnographical materials, special or general literature we may say that in Georgia the woman had a rather high right and social position since the ancient time.
D. Mikeladze. The European Flow in Georgian Literary-Critical Thinking of the 19th century. The joining to Russia, the development of trade relationship with western countries, the founding of press and literary criticism, the arising of professional theatre, the founding of literary societies, the migration of Decabrists and other progressive emigrants are those factors that stimulated the entering of European flow into the Georgian literary-critical thinking of the 19th century.
N. Siradze. The Role of the Latin Language Teaching in the Intellectual Development of the Medical High School Students. The foreign language teaching at the high school has not only the communicative aspect but also develops thinking activity as well. This conception is particularly actual according to the Latin language, as it exists only in written sources and is not a means of communication. However, harmonious grammatical structure and system of Latin promote the development of logical thinking. At the medical high schools Latin is taught during the first year, i.e. e. at the age, which in modern psychology is called "the students age". The development of intellect in this period proceeds from the initial dualism to the critical thinking. Latin plays an important role in the intellectual development of the medical students of this age, as it promotes metalinguistic ability, helps them to comprehend deliberately not only the structure of Latin but the structures of the before studied foreign languages too, develops their creative habit and gives them an opportunity to use the knowledge, gained at the Latin lessons, in the mastering of other disciplines and professional terminology.
E. Partsvania. The Possibilities of Making a Conclusion by Means of Analogy by IV-VII Grade Pupils. As it known according to demand of school reform the elementary school (I-VI grades) has been established as a separate concentre. At this stage it is very significant to study the peculiarities of V-VI grade pupils' mode of thinking. Thus, by means of the test represented by R. Amthower, we investigated the level of IV-VII grade pupils' mode of thinking in Tbilisi and Senaki. The academic progress of the same pupils in Georgian language and mathematics has been also studied. The experiment shows a significant difference between IV and V-VI grades as well as between V-VI and VII ones. It has been also determined that there is a higher correlation between the intellectual level and progress on Georgian language than on mathematics.
M. Kutelia. Selection of Special German Terminology and Role-Play Usage for its Further Study and Strengthening. For selection of special German medical terminological units by popular scientific literature was used the criterion of frequency. The compiled dictionary contains about 85% of terms of medical branch.
The role-play models are used by two students or two sub-groups in order to compete and communicate by form of a dialogue. This method is used for strengthening, checking and assessing the level of received knowledge among medical students.
E. Mchedlishvili. The Usage of Intersubjective Connection of History and Religion in Pupils' Upbringing Process. In the modern terms the intersubjective connection is very important. For example the connection between history and religion. Educate will be more effective if we will add a spiritual factor in historical dates and facts. In other words the greatest historical persons, devoted fathers' and mothers' deeds could direct mind and conscience more correctly than abstract moral rules. So the religion examples (lives of kings or devoted persons, etc.) on the history lessons inspire the faith of God in pupils' hearts. The youth couldn't understand the sense and role of their existence without it.
M. Mamporia. Pedagogical Role of Evident Examples in Moral Education of Children of Younger School Age. The present work considers the pedagogical role of evident examples in moral education of children of younger school age; efficiency of the appropriate evident examples of theme; purpose of conversations, their kinds and dignities.
Ts. Gogatishvili. The questions of religious and moral education in the classical pedagogics (XVII-XVIII cc.). The questions of religious and educational interrelation occupy a considerable place in the heritage of the classics of pedagogy. This article just represents the opinions of Ian Komenski, John Lock, Jan-Jak Russo, Pestalocci and Disterveg.
U. Jalalov, V. Kurbanova. The Treatment of Some Inflammatory Illnesses of Liver and Gall-Bladder by the Method of Mini-Laparotomy with the Elements of "Open" Laparoscopy Technique. The technique of "open" laparoscopy like the term first was used by M. Prudkov in Russia in 1993 for treatment of gall-bladder. Today this method is used for curing of liver abscess and acute inflammatory gall-bladder among the elderly people with hard pathology.
M. Shakarashvili, A. Chanishvili, Ts. Janelidze, M. Razmadze. The Influence of Hyperbaric Oxygenation on the Treatment and Outcome of Duodenal Ulcer while Treating of Old-Age Patients. The course of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (ten performances, 1,3-1,8 AT, 30-40 minutes) is very effective among the old-age patients with duodenal ulcer. Hyperbaric oxygenation provides increase of percent of ulcer. Healing, reduction of treatment terms and improvement of mucus protect ability, Helicobacter pylori sanation and improvement of state regarding of such chronic diseases as the chronic arterial failure of lower extremities, heart ischemic disease and paradontosis.
N. Margiani. The Influence of Ionizing Radiation. In 1996-97 on the boundary educational base of Lilo 11 military men, in the age of 20-24 years, have received a local damage of skin by the contact to a source of high radiation - cesium 137. The multiple beam ulcers among five injured, and single damages among six ones were observed. From injured the multiple beam ulcers at five and single damages at six were observed. They were repeatedly treated in many clinics of the various countries with the diagnosis " Beam illness, relapses of beam ulcers ". Despite of treatment, the patients should be regularly under supervision of the treating doctors, as the beam illness is characterized by relapses of ulcers and pathological changes in structural elements of blood. There are a lot of military bases of former Soviet Union in Georgia. Analogous cases can be repeated. The further prevention is necessary.
Caucasian Messenger. - Tbilisi - 2002 - N 5 - 223 p. - Bibl. at the end of each article - in Georgian, Russian, and English.
V. Gurgenidze. Formation of Civic Society and Political System. For a long period the conceptions ,,State" and ,,Civic Society" were similar in political science. On the one hand these two conceptions should be separated and this is correct. On the other hand civic society and the state fill each other and are an interdependent institution, that's why they are separated relatively. At the same time both the state as well as the civic society is two significant elements of the political system. According to the author's opinion the relativity of civic society and its political system is the relativity of the contents and the form.
V. Gurgenidze. Methodological and utilitarian aspects of the theory of the social-political system. Scientific researches of studying the methodological aspects of the social-political theory, take an important part in modern conditions. Given theory enables to study deeply, the various aspects of political life of any society of different countries, and to predict the future political, economic or social forecast of the various countries, especially Georgian. Utilitarian aspect is rather important as well. The author covers and analyses both, methodological and utilitarian aspects of the given problem.
A. Salmanova.Towards the Peculiarities of the State Development of Daghestan on the Modern Stage. This assay is about development of state of Daghestan, a multinational republic in the structure of Russian federation. Daghestan has a number of specific features, linked with his historical, ethnic, political and geographical peculiarities. The problem of establishing of a new federal power connected with a provision of Daghestan development as a subject of Russian federation preserving all its national peculiarities.
V. Aslanishvili. Ancient and Present Day Population of the Aragvi River Basin. The paper refers to the results of experimental investigation of the Aragvi basin population according to two main aspects: first - an attempt to determine an individual's height by means of cranium measures (craniological material), and the second - to fix the types and typologies by means of complexes of features (craniological and somatic material).The results of investigations of craniological material, found at the Aragvi river basin, allow us to define and determine the following:1. Height of individuals by means of cranium measurements, dating Eneolithic and onwards till the present day.2. A complex of features showing coexistence and fusion through one another of three racial branches. 3. Craniological and somatic material showed four types and typologies.
I. Beltadze.The Boycott Against the Foreign Merchants (15th-16th Centuries). In the 15th century the foreign market of England was suffering from the surplus of the foreign merchants that greatly displeased the English ones. They made protest in different forms, beginning with the raids on the factories of the foreign merchants and ending with the restriction of their rights. Documents of the following years: 1464, 1478, 1483, 1485, 1494, 1508, 1518, 1519, 1529 confirm the fact of restrictions of the foreign trade and declaration of war against them. At the same time it turns out that the royal authority prohibited the raids on the foreign merchants, the aggravations of the relation and the disorder in city.
G. Vachridze. Ilia Chavchavadze on Some Issues of Russia's Economic Policy in Georgia. In the newspaper "Iveria", Ilia Chavchavadze periodically published "Internal Review", in which a significant place was allocated to issues of Russia's economic policy in Georgia. What was the role of the Russian system of management of the state property in the realization of this policy? From this standpoint, the "Internal Review" of October 1883, is particularly interesting. It gives a detailed analysis of the "Memorandum" of the needs of the Georgian people, handed in to the Minister of the State Property, visiting Tbilisi. The author expressed his own, rather critical, opinion about the attitude of the Ministry toward the problem of the construction of the Kakhetian railway, about the delimitation of the landed property, about the leasing of state lands to peasants, use of forests, excise on vodka, etc.
G. Macharashvili. Non-Recognition of the Papist Ecumenical Councils and Separation of the Church Union with Rome (by the Juridical Acts of Georgia in the XI-XIII C.C.). In the present article a conclusion is made that the top level of the ecclesiastical union between Georgians and Romans is broken, as since this period Georgians permanently ignored the World ecumenical councils.
D. Sartania. Etiquette and the Ethnic Values. The acceptable and intelligible values of the given ethnos becomes its possession. This is the system of ethnic values which could be expressed by the term of ethnoaxy. This ethnic value is the basis of the standards of behaviour of ethnos - etiquette (ethno-etiquette), which is the condensed exposition of the values on one hand and the instrument for realization on the other hand.
T. Gasviani. Attitude of the United States of America to Georgia on the Beginning of the XX c. and in the 1990-92-ies. The government of the Republic of Georgia as far back as 1918-1921 made an attempt to establish diplomatic relations with the USA, but all the attempts had failed. That was a result of disapproval of the USA to the question of the Georgian independence. After wards the USA changed its position and in the 25th of April on 1929 the Georgian people's rights for independence were confirmed according to the bill approved by Senate. Though the adoption of this decision was too late, as in 1921 the Bolshevik annexation put off for about 70 years the declaration of independence of our country. In spite of this fact the above mentioned bill influenced greatly to the future relations between Georgia and the USA. This became possible after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, when Georgia became an independent State and there appeared the opportunity to establish the diplomatic relations with different countries including the USA. It had a great importance for the international recognition of Georgia.
S. Maruashvili. Seven Titles of the Kings of United Georgia. The XI-XII centuries appeared to be the period at elevation in the history of Georgia. The purposeful, political activities of Georgian statesmen united the country under the cultural-spiritual and political-economic basis and gave a strong impulse to this. The Border formula being established a long side with the titles of the kings at Georgia during the existence of United Georgia contradicted to Byzantine titles of noblemen and instead of them the titles of kings. The following order: "Kings of Abkhaz, Georgia, Rani, Kakhi, Armen, Sharvan and Shakhan", is distributed in the chronicles and narrative sources.
M. Mshvildadze. Some Questions concerning Spread of Serapis in the Roman Empire. The paper discusses some questions concerning spreading of Egyptian Serapis (one of the most popular cults of the Roman Empire) being at first a classical example of Hellenistic and then of Roman religious syncretism. Basing on the studies of a given problem, we arrived at a conclusion, that since Hellenistic period, Egyptian cult of Serapis replaced cult of Osiris and was common for the whole Roman Empire. According to some sources, the first altar dedicated to Egyptian cult in Alexandria was built by Ptolemy I Soter in the 4th century B.C. Ptolemy III erected a temple on it in honor of new god and Ptolemy IV built a new temple in honor of Harpokrate. At the same time other temples in honor of Serapis were erected not far from Alexandria, in Kanope and Raz-el-Sode. Prior to appearing in Italy, cult of Serapis was introduced to a number of countries, basically in the Near East (Antiochus, Tarsus, Syria). In 307 B.C. Egyptians had cult of Serapis in Halicarnas and cities of Carie. Not less than 3 Serapis were known in Delos. In 225 B.C. the cult of Serapis was spread in Athens, where it was identified with Dionysus. In western provinces cult of Serapis was mostly spread in Gallia being popular basically among city population. In Karthagen it was worshipped as Jupiter-Hamon. In north and north-west provinces of the Roman Empire the credit for spreading cult of Serapis goes to Romans, but Egyptian gods were not popular here. As to the center of the Roman Empire - Latina - cult of Serapis was brought to Italy since the end of republican period. Egyptian gods emerged in Sicily prior to that. Italian merchants brought its cult from Delos to Kampania. In the 2nd century B.C. it was already worshipped in Neum, Puzzole, Etruria, Pompeii. From the 1st century A.D. Egyptian gods became favorable for Roman emperors. Cult of Serapis was at its height during the reign of Karacallus and Septimius Severus. In the struggle against Christianity Serapis was losing its positions. During the reign of the first Christian emperors cult of Serapis was reduced to standards of a pagan sect that eventually led to abolition of Alexandrian Serapeum in 391 A.D.
N. Chikovani.Towards the Problem of Interrelation of the Western and Non-Western Civilizations (the Turn of the 21-st Century). The paper considers the problem of interrelation of the Western and non-Western civilizations at the turn of the new millennium, on the background of opposition of the trends of globalization and fragmentation. Former "Third World" actively emerges as the cultural and civilization opponent of the Western world. The western scientists speak about forming the non-Western centers of the world, the danger of the Islam fundamentalism, expansion of the Confucian world. Extreme radicals predict the decline of the West under the demographic pressure of Asian and African countries. From its part, non-Western world is worried by the fact of expansion of the western way of life, mass culture and type of thinking, connected with the process of globalization, and the danger of losing its own cultural face as a result of this process. One links a future of the mankind with the deeping cultural monotony, the others - with the growing role of cultural pluralism. One more version is a theory of culture creolization. Reaction of Europeans on the Americanization, as well as growing role of Euro speaking non-Europeans in cultural life of the West is considered.
I. Efendiev. Towards the Some Aspects of Phonetic Development of the Iranian Loan-Words in the Daghestan Languages. The article presents some aspects of phonetic development of the Iranian loan-words in the Dagestan languages. The transformation of phonetic shape of the borrowed Iranian words consists in change of their sound structure and adaptation to phonologic system of borrowing languages. Under influence certain phonetic-morphological factors in the borrowed words such phenomena as are observed: syncope, apocope, epenthesis, epithesis, metathesis etc.
Kh. Glonti.Towards the Suffixes -en/-nen in Grammatical Literature of the Beginning of the XX C. At the beginning of XX century took place the struggle among the representatives of West an East Georgia for establish one of the morphemes -en (expanded in West) or -nen (expanded in East). The winner became suffix -nen and it took up proper place in the structural model of modern Georgian language. This phenomenon has been reflected in grammatical literature of the corresponding period.
I. Efendiev. Classification of the Iranian Loanwords in the Lak Language. The article gives the analysis of Iranian Words in the Lak language. Borrowings from the Iranian languages are distributed among the spheres of their usage in the Lak language and are analyzed from the point of view of a functionality and rate in various spheres of the use. The borrowed words are resulted together with etymons.
S. Bakhishova.Towards the Problems of the Novel of F. Kafka "The Castle". The author considers in article the generally accepted and her own opinions about problems being in novel of F.Kafka "The Castle". The author finds the very different treatment of novel. The world view of Kafka was almost relativist; the absurd was natural for the writer.
M. Topuria. The problem of National Separatism in K. Gamsakhurdia's Publication. K. Gamsakhurdia pays grate attention to the problems of national separatism in his literary-critical writings. The writer considered that it is aveable to build a state only after the overcoming of separatism. Gamsakhurdia discusses about the question of Abkhazia, Ajara and Samegrelo.
I. Akhobadze. For More Precise Definition of Essence of Mass Music. "Mass Music", as a phenomenon and notion includes all kind of public music (hits of the popular signers, ensembles, virtuous-instrumentalists), jazz, rock, everything which takes origin from music, films, radio- and TV programs, from the musical theatre -musical comedy and musicals, i.e. diverse forms with the view of their contents, style, genre composition, social function, terms of existence, age. The principal category is the rate of distribution in the public, its orientation towards the great mass of people and capacity to captivate the audience. This factor is backed up by appealing to spiritual experience of the widest sphere of audience, possibility to meet their living, social, aesthetic demands, to reflect common to their sphere themes, images and emotions, to lead a dialogue with this vast auditorium forcing it to the counter response, emotional co-experience and mutual creative activity.
B. Gomelauri. The Standard of Program-Disciplinary Accreditation. This article discusses the standard of "Doctor of medicine degree" (Pedagogical aspect) created by LCME (USA & Canada). It follows that the development of appropriate mechanisms of academic quality assurance and assessment has two closely linked dimensions. One is focused on specificity, that is, the development of national bodies and institutional mechanisms of quality assessment and assurance closely related to specific value systems and conceptions of higher education. The other dimension is internationally oriented, which means that national values, criteria, and standards applied in the evaluation of higher education should be widely compatible with those developed in other countries, this in order to facilitate academic mobility and diploma recognition.
S. Narchemashvili. Political Culture of the Person and Its Display at Student's Age. In becoming of political culture of the person the known role is played with factors of a social environment, life experience and character of participation in public processes. Among student's groups in the modern higher school the differentiation of political culture of a different level takes place. In particular, the spectrum of political culture varies from full indifference up to excessive activity and interest in political processes. Work of the higher school will not bring desirable results if pedagogical process will not be constructed in view of above-stated.
K. Kakhiani. Formation of Idea of Quantity (for Children Aged 5-6). The essential psychological conformity to natural laws is the subject action with discrete objects (wonds, cubes, cones etc.)
The author doesn't agree of using of such subject actions as a measuring of incessant objects (slicks, rope, etc.) at this age because it is misunderstood for child of this age. The author has already founded the new program of mathematics on the ground of G. Piaget's conception for children at the age of 5-6. The author excluded the mathematic symbols (figures), out of program as misunderstood abstract objects for children and replaced it by cards with points.
M. Darashvili. Formation of spatial orientation among pre-school children by outdoor games. Preliminary tests have shown that pre-school children orientate in space very badly. The problem arose whether it is an age function or not? The carried out work with usage of different techniques at a game situation has shown that 6 years old children freely study the bases of the spatial orientation.
K. Dzotsenidze. The Aspects of the Relationship between Pedagogics and Pedagogical Psychology (by the Views of Shio Chitadze). According to the pedagogical theory of Chitadze, the psychological background of the teaching process is the involvement of the pupils in it. Only the corresponding psychological knowledge enables the teacher to determine the proper methods and means of teaching and bringing up and to find the corresponding motivation for the pupils. Chitadze regards psychology as the major factor in the practice of teaching discipline students the laws of physical actions, consciousness of the adolescent their feelings, features of their attention and perception. That's why he regarded psychology as a compulsory discipline for teachers. The psychological letters by Chitadze are marked with actual problematics and many of his views in the field of pedagogical psychology can be rather vital nowadays and serve the needs of Georgian National Schooling System.
M. Chukhua.The Foundations of Teaching and Educational System of John Locke. Locke has developed a peculiar system of education and upbringing, which destroyed the foundation of the existed scholastic school that was built on the practice of enforcement, and on the ground of humane pedagogical ideas and views laid the foundation of an entirely new model for the education and upbringing of an all-round "gentleman". John Locke, as a classic of pedagogical science, was the first who introduced a hypothesis of the existence of innate idea. He elaborated fundamentally the theory of cognition and promoted by that the further development of philosophic-historical thinking of his time. The researcher created a basis for the consistent system of moral-ethical and spiritual values on which he founded a large and solid structure of a system of education, teaching and upbringing.
L. Tsitsagi.The Subjective-Playing Games of Preschool Children as a Form of Participation in Activities of Adults. It is difficult to find any other form of activity that is conducted by preschool children with such a pleasure as a game, and particularly the one, which is connected with performance of public parts. In the process of activities necessary for a game, a preschool child undertakes and shows one on another behavioural act of adults, by means of which he grasps the relations that exist between people. In the process of playing the preschool children learn how to cooperate, how to behave in accordance with their own individual abilities.
N. Jashiashvili. The Level of Formal-Logic Thinking in High School (V-IX Forms). The purpose of our research was to establish of a level possession of conditional judgments of pupils of high school (V-IX forms). According to our experiment a parameter of the independent decision of the task grows with age. In the fifth class - 5 %, in the sixth -16 %, in the seventh -27 %. In the senior classes (VII-IX) this parameter does not vary and is equal to a parameter of the seventh one (about 30 %).
L. Kurtanidze. Petre Kharistchirashvili and his Work - "Wisdom of Humanity". Kharistchirashvili Meskhi enlightened honorable catholic and monk of the XIX century, composed and published in France, 1877 his textbook "Wisdom of Humanity". The work is a bibliographic rare book. The author stresses the importance of principles, shows the importance of moral and religious themes and the importance of practical upbringing. Georgian traditional wisdom and didactic ideas pour together with European especially with French religious and civil norms. "Wisdom of Humanity" is the important school supply and valuable book among the other ones of the History of pedagogic and it deserves global scientific research.
N. Kruashvili .Ivane Gvaramadze: the Georgian Language as the Basis of Education. According to the pedagogical opinions of Gvaramadze the most significant aspect is the Georgian language. Native language must be used as the basis of the education and upbringing of the young generation.
M. Mikeladze. The Possibilities of the Improvement of Teaching of the German History in Georgian Secondary School. The teaching of the German history in Georgian secondary school must be continued during two years. It has to be increased the volume of the historical material. This would help to increase the level of pupil's knowledge.
E. Gelashvili. Teaching Professional Written English to Georgian Students. The article deals with methods of theoretical and practical teaching of the essentials of professional written English and is intended for Georgian students of the Faculty of History. The function of a work is: 1. to give the general principles of teaching professional written English; 2. to give and explain some teaching techniques that practicing teachers have found useful; to give suggestions on how to deal with, expand and drill the material presented in the textbook "English for History and Art students".
N. Potskhverashvili. Linguistic features of the Special Text in Training to Foreign Language. The paper concerns lexical (general scientific and highly specialized terminologies, models of word comparability), grammatical (use of Present tens, Passive voice) and stylistic ("dryness", evaluative) features of a special text and their influence on forms of teaching. For work with each kind of features special tasks are offered (e.g., the task "changes the text lexically / grammatically so that it became scientific").
L. Todua. Towards the Psychological Bases of Teaching of Word Formation of Foreign Languages. The present work deals with the main psychological factors which should be taken into consideration in the process of teaching word formation of foreign languages. Teachers should know how students use, decode and create derived words and composites, how their mental vocabulary is organized and when the necessity arises to form new lexical items. It will enable teachers to plan the process of teaching word formation of foreign languages correctly and effectively.
K. Galoberi. The Principles and Criteria of Selecting of Phraseological Units on the Humanitarian Faculties of the High School. The main factors in selecting of the phraseological units are:
N. Dogonadze, T. Jojua. Article Teaching in Efl Departments. The paper concerns the problem of teaching one of the major and complicated aspects of English grammar -articles. Some new ideas for efficient teaching of articles are suggested.
Ts. Misheladze. Methodical Recommendations for Teaching of the Branching Structures in Secondary Schools. Methodical recommendations for teaching of the branching structures in the secondary school course of computer science are given. Two combined lessons are dedicated to this topic. In the first lesson, after preparing the class in due way, the teacher devotes the most of the remaining time to the explanation of the complete branching structures and its fixation with adequate examples. In the second lesson the teacher will discuss incomplete branching structures and explain the typical examples using both kinds of structures.
M. Tkhelidze. Methodical Techniques of Teaching of Computer Science in Secondary School Course. It is discussed several main techniques of teaching of computer science in secondary schools: systems approach that may be used in teaching of any topic; a group form of teaching, during which the pupils acquire the habits of collective work, the elements of mutual cooperation, get used to taking the responsibilities for fulfilling adopted resolutions; lesson-competitions; teaching module as an element of didactical technology; dictation as a way of activation of children's thinking, a certain form of recollection of studied materials, a hint in solving a problem; playing and creation of adequate environment for computer games that will be based on the principle of creative simulation.
N. Nakhutsrishvili. The Problems with "Incomplete" or "Surplus" Data in the School Mathematics Course. Problems with "incomplete" or "surplus" dates are considered in the presented paper. The question of inclusion of these problems in the secondary school mathematics course is studied. Methodical recommendations are suggested to facilitate teaching of solving this kind of problems at school.
K. Jibladze. Importance of Basic Knowledge of "Metabolism of Carbohydrates", Pedagogical Fundamentals of Perception and Strengthening. In teaching methods, precise attention is given for actualization of basic knowledge. Naturally, repetition of previous assignments is required for perception and fixation of new knowledge. The system of home assignments, method of attracting students' attention to goals and objectives of study has done. This method envisions analysis of teaching and educative assignments for perception and strengthening of new assignments, repetition of knowledge and ability in the course of studying previous assignments.
Z. Miminoshvili. Age stages in religious education. While teaching history from the point of view of religious education we should be aware of the fact that a person, in a limited time, goes through the same developing process as humanity had done. That's why during the teaching of history we must take into consideration the age in person's development process their physical and biological condition and ontogenetic development will help greatly while finding out mental ability of humanity.
M. Baliashvili. The Role of Objective Self -Awareness in Compromise Behaviour. The role of the Objective Self -awareness in the change of initial social attitude as a result of the compromise behaviour is considered in the article. It is experimentally stated, that the quantity of change depends on the objective Self-awareness, induced by the factor of social commitment. It is also shown that commitment is sufficient for the change of initial position in the direction of the behaviour.
D. Kakhiani. Revealing of Children with Maladaptive Behaviour. The causes of children's maladaptive behaviour are multivarious - e.g. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Opposition Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder etc. The timely revealing of these children is essential, as the appropriate remedial strategies can significantly diminish their problems. Conners' Child Behavior Scales for teachers and parents were chosen to assess child's bechavior in school and home settings. The CTQ and CPQ had been adapted for Georgian population. The study pointed out that the questionnary served as a sensitive screening tool and might be explored in large surveys.
D. Kakhiani. Personality Assessment of the Children with ADHD and Maladaptive Behavior. The study reveals the aspects of personal attitudes, interpersonal relationships and personality assessment of the children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and maladaptive behavior. The subjects were: 133 children (82 male and 51 female) of 6-7 years from 11 Tbilisi Secondary schools, 26 children with ADHD (20 male and 6 female) and control group of 40 children (22 male and 18 female). "Animal test for family", "mimic test" and "Incomplete sentences" were used for assessment. The study revealed the complexity of the inner world of the ADHD children. Their attitudes towards their parents, members of family, teachers revealed the negative friends. They full of fears, sense of guilty and insecurity. The social factors are essential in improving the symptoms of the disorder.
A. Ataev, M. Ganiev. The Complex Treatment of Purulent and Infectious Complications of the Bullet Wounds. The complex treatment of purulent and infectious complications of the bullet wounds is considered in article. The method consists by: adequate therapy; primary and secondary treatment of abscess; influence on the pathogenic flora and reabilitation.
A. Ataev, P. Tolstikh, A. Miasnikov, G. Chali, M. Ganiev. The Treatment of Purulent Would by Laser Technologies. The new laser technologies of treatment of the purulent wound are considered in present article.
Z. Nurmagomaeva, M. Nurmagomaev, Z. Magomedova. Efficiency Adrenomimetica in Bronchial Asthma (Search of Markers). In the group of asthmatic patients the analysis of interrelation between the separate characteristics FER and answer FER on stimulation fenoterol and adrenalin was made. For fenoterol such connection is revealed with initial parameters, as ERV, FEF.2-1.2, FIVC. For adrenalin those have appeared FVC, VC, FEV.5, FEV 1, FEV 3, FEF.2-1.2, FEF 25 %, PEF.Using as the criterion of the efficiency of the adrenostimulation of the various parameters (FEV 1, FEF 75 %) brought different estimated results.
Z. Alikhanova. The new Method of Therapy of the Postovariectomy Syndrome. Transplantation of human fetal tissues arrests the postovariectomy syndrome, normalizing hormonal status of patients and decelerating osteoporosis. This technique is recommended as an alternative therapy of symptoms developing after ovariectomy.
M. Shakarasvili, A. Chanishvili. Helicobacter Pylori and Duodenum Ulcer Disease. This disease is characterized by lengthening of the epithelization period of ulcer defect, predisposed to frequent recurrences of disease, also acid neutralization of stomach, reducing motor function of gastroduodenum zone and marked by morphological changes. A high therapeutical effect of Helicobacter Pylori dependent forms of duodenum ulcer disease is revealed by complex treatment with hyperbaric oxygenation and drug - de nole.
M. Shakarasvili, T. Montselidze, M. Dolidze. Complex Curing of Duodenum Ulcer and Parodontitis and Periodontoses by Hyperbaric Oxygenation. More then 61 % of duodenum ulcer disease goes on in combination with parodontitis and periodontoses. High therapical effect is got by hyperbaric oxygenation therapy during 45 minutes in 1,8-2,0 AT and the result is as good as in duodenum ulcer and in parodontitis and perodontoses too.