M. Tsereteli. - Women's Rights in the Light of Motivation Values. - Tbilisi: Mosoto International. - 2000. – 88 p. - In Georgian.
The monograph is dedicated to the study of psychological aspects of equal realization of women's rights in Georgia, also it aims at revealing awareness (knowledge) of Georgian society about women's rights.
Special methods were developed comprising personal particulars and three questionnaires: sociological questionnaire of women's rights based on closed questions; test- questionnaire with gaps for researching the distribution of social roles with two different instructions; the test of desired successes including the list of possible achievements. The research was carried out in Tbilisi and included 1278 respondents (approximately equal number of men and women).
In the questionnaire of women's rights the following statistically reliable results had been received: general level of awareness of Georgian society about women's rights is rather high; General knowledge of women about women' rights is lower than among men; out of four fields of women's rights determined by us, in three: a) political and civil rights; b) family, maternity and pregnancy; c) labour and employment, the knowledge level among women is lower than among men; in the field of rights – offences against women and women crime, both women and men showed the same level of awareness; knowledge level of political and civil rights among women is lower in all eight groups than among men; In the group of scientific women workers, women representatives of NGOs and housewives high level of awareness in the field of maternity, pregnancy, family in comparison with the men of the same group was revealed; women, pedagogues and housewives better know the rights from the field of crime than the men of the same group do; level of awareness in the field of labour and employment is higher among women than among men only in one group: in the structures of law enforcement; there is no age dependence among women with the knowledge level about rights; as to men such dependence exists, particularly, the older the men the higher the knowledge; there is a proportional dependence between the knowledge level about women's rights and the position both among women and men.
In the test-questionnaire with gaps the following reliable statistic results had been revealed: in most of the statements there is no controversy between the views of male and female in the distribution of the given social role; women's roles are restricted to the field of family and having psychic and physical features (such as to be beautiful, tractable, etc.); the roles in the field of sexual partnership, as well as in public and political activities unanimously belong to male; in all the fields, even in the field of family and field of psychic and physical feature, active, decision-making, influential role is ascribed to men; there is a difference between personal and public opinion on the distribution of the roles in the field of family, expressed by men and women.
In consequence of the analysis of the questionnaire about desired successes the following results became obvious: the most desired achievement for most of the women is success in the family; for one third – success at work and only for 8 percent – success with the opposite sex; the second place of desirability is occupied by success in the family and at work equally; the third place – success in three fields equally; the most important socially meaningful values of women are expressed by the following statements: a) to create a good family; b) to have a good husband and children; c) to be a professional of one's occupation; the second place is occupied by the following statements: a) to be a professional of one's occupation; b) to have a good husband and children; the third place is occupied by the following statements: a) to have a good husband and children; b) to be a professional of one's occupation; c) to have considerate and tractable character; there is a dependence between the most desirable success (the most meaningful value) and the age, marital status, number of children, education, profession, place of residence, salary.
Thus, having compared all the results we can conclude that the results of the three questionnaires enable to observe the process of mentality transformation currently underway in Georgia. The research had revealed interdependent stages of the process: acquisition of formal knowledge; appearance of values and motifs of achievement on the basis of this knowledge; appearance of individual personal opinions different from traditional mentality.
M. Tsereteli. - Analysis of Priority Values of Women Achievement Motivation (on the Examples of Excerpts from Tbilisi and Akhaltsikhe). - Proceedings of Young Scientists of Meskheti Branch Tbilisi State University. – Akhaltsikhe. - 2003, № 1. - 169-178 p. - In Georgian.
The article is dedicated to the study of women's achievements motifs and priority of the value systems. The research was carried out among the female faculty and the female students of Tbilisi State University and Akhaltsikhe Branch of the same University.
The female faculty of the both Universities assigned priority to the success in the family field, while the students – in the career. Traditionally most of the women's achievement motif was directed towards the success in the family. In case of female teachers of the universities we notice the realization of such kind of the achievement motif. The values and opinions of the female-students were being formed in the years when the country was moving to the market economy. Apparently these processes significantly influenced the formation of their values and opinions. In particular, while the success achievement for the women of the previous generations is less significant and non-obligatory in the career, it has acquired a very important value, as well as the significant function for social promotion. Hence, favorable conditions to promote women's achievements in the public life have been created in the country. The new generation has experienced a strong impact of new conditions triggering expansion of their achievement motifs from the family field toward the public one.
M. Tsereteli. - On the Set Mechanisms of Formation and Action of Gender Consciousness and Gender Stereotypes. - Journal of Georgian Psychology. - Tbilisi: GCI. – 2004, № 7. - 22- 41 p. - Bibl. 15. – In Georgian.
The article is focused on the study of gender consciousness structure and psychological mechanisms of its formation. The issue is considered from the position of the Uznadze's Set theory. In our opinion, the formation of gender awareness proceeds through the mechanism of set action. The fixed set is a basis of gender stereotypes. On the one hand, practical functions of women and men are represented in positive stereotypes, these functions are acquired and reinforced while nation or culture co-habitation during the history and which is fixed by mechanism of set as their general relation with social world. The relations of women and men with social environment, which are included in the systems of fixed sets cause actualization of such sets and on the personal level are regarded as obvious, normal and hence. On the other hand, the negative stereotypes represent the relation of women and men with social environment, preserved as accumulated knowledge as a result of unrealized fixed sets, objectivisation acts and conscience evaluation generated on their bases. In the process of theoretical or practical behavior the actualization of such unrealized fixed sets provokes negative evaluation.